我电脑今天再也无法开机,估计是主板上的电容坏了。从前几天开始,我按下电脑机箱的电源就不能启动,屏幕无显示,机箱喇叭不报警,PCI插槽没电。但CPU风扇是转的,PS/2口是有电的,键盘灯和光电鼠标也亮。我让主机开了十多分钟发热,然后再关机开机,能够正常启动。但这个等待主板发热的时间几天来越来越长,到今天再也不能启动了。内存条拔了重插过,CPU在别的电脑测试过是好的,显卡又是集成的,不可能松动。从状况来看,唯一的原因就是昨天我开机12个小时后,电脑主板上的电容被彻底烧坏了。
  电容,作为主板电源模块的最重要作用是滤波。现在的个人电脑的运行速度越来越快,随着CPU主频的提高,再加上耗电量大的显卡、内存等,这些设备对主板的供电要求是越来越严格。为了能让这些设备能够稳定的工作,主板必须要有稳定而纯净的电流供应。从机箱电源出来的电流成分是很复杂的,其峰值电压不稳定,而且开关机会出现浪涌。电容可以把脉动直流变成近似直线的直流,所以在主板上会有不少电容来滤除相关电路产生的杂波,特别在CPU附近,有的主板会有多达10余个电解电容,这是因为CPU工作在几百兆甚至数G的高频下,必须保证电源的绝对纯净,这时就需要使用大容量的电解电容来滤波。大容量的电解电容可以看作是储存电荷的容器,相当于一个水库,在短时间内的大量用电并不会造成电压的骤然下降,从而让主板上的其他设备得以稳定运行。当电解电容的容量下降时,供应CPU工作的核心电压就会变差,其中会窜入周围电路产生的杂波和开关电源电路自身的波形,这时主机就会表现出系统极端的不稳定。
  电容只要十几块钱,关键是我没工具去自己修,用电烙铁怕把主板焊坏了,又不想给奸商N多倍的维修费叫他们去修。打电话告诉了我爸,他说国庆他把家里的那台“奔腾4 2.4G,768M 内存”的电脑搬到长沙,叫我国庆把现在的这台“赛扬1.3G,256M 内存”的电脑搬到长沙,索性换了,让我把家里那台好电脑搬回武汉。至于现在这台电脑,他说带回家看看,能修就修,不能修就不要了,反正这台电脑已经很旧了。
  国庆之前这段时间我没自己的电脑可用,一些东西的开发制作只有等到国庆之后了。另外,这个BLOG的更新时间也少了。

  附:我的技嘉电脑主板上被烧坏的电容示意图

  2005年10月6日备注:老爸今天给我打电话,说他把这台电脑带回家后,用尖嘴电烙铁(插电发热后拔掉电源),换了那几个电容,那台电脑果然恢复正常,证明了我此前的猜测。




电脑杂谈 | 评论(34) | 引用(0) | 阅读(14266)
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