一本教人如何思考、解决问题的好书──《你的灯亮着吗？》
准备转化“故障转移群集解决方案”理论为实践
2007-9-12 18:50 | by
[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v1.0 最后修改：2007.09.12 转载请注明出处：http://blog.zyan.cc]
一、发现问题：
在一台配置较低的Linux服务器（内存、硬盘比较小）的/data分区内创建文件时，系统提示磁盘空间不足，用df -h命令查看了一下磁盘使用情况，发现/data分区只使用了66%，还有12G的剩余空间，按理说不会出现这种问题。
二、分析问题：
后来用df -i查看了一下/data分区的索引节点(inode)，发现已经用满(IUsed=100%)，导致系统无法创建新目录和文件。
inode译成中文就是索引节点，每个存储设备（例如硬盘）或存储设备的分区被格式化为文件系统后，应该有两部份，一部份是inode，另一部份是Block，Block是用来存储数据用的。而inode呢，就是用来存储这些数据的信息，这些信息包括文件大小、属主、归属的用户组、读写权限等。inode为每个文件进行信息索引，所以就有了inode的数值。操作系统根据指令，能通过inode值最快的找到相对应的文件。
而这台服务器的Block虽然还有剩余，但inode已经用满，因此在创建新目录或文件时，系统提示磁盘空间不足。
三、查找原因：
/data/cache目录中存在数量非常多的小字节缓存文件，占用的Block不多，但是占用了大量的inode。
四、解决方案：
1、删除/data/cache目录中的部分文件，释放出/data分区的一部分inode。
2、用软连接将空闲分区/opt中的newcache目录连接到/data/cache，使用/opt分区的inode来缓解/data分区inode不足的问题：
ln -s /opt/newcache /data/cache
3、更换服务器，用高配置的服务器替换低配置的服务器。很多时候用钱去解决问题比用技术更有效，堆在我办公桌上5台全新的 DELL PowerEdge 1950 服务器即将运往IDC机房。
一、发现问题：
在一台配置较低的Linux服务器（内存、硬盘比较小）的/data分区内创建文件时，系统提示磁盘空间不足，用df -h命令查看了一下磁盘使用情况，发现/data分区只使用了66%，还有12G的剩余空间，按理说不会出现这种问题。
二、分析问题：
后来用df -i查看了一下/data分区的索引节点(inode)，发现已经用满(IUsed=100%)，导致系统无法创建新目录和文件。
inode译成中文就是索引节点，每个存储设备（例如硬盘）或存储设备的分区被格式化为文件系统后，应该有两部份，一部份是inode，另一部份是Block，Block是用来存储数据用的。而inode呢，就是用来存储这些数据的信息，这些信息包括文件大小、属主、归属的用户组、读写权限等。inode为每个文件进行信息索引，所以就有了inode的数值。操作系统根据指令，能通过inode值最快的找到相对应的文件。
而这台服务器的Block虽然还有剩余，但inode已经用满，因此在创建新目录或文件时，系统提示磁盘空间不足。
三、查找原因：
/data/cache目录中存在数量非常多的小字节缓存文件，占用的Block不多，但是占用了大量的inode。
四、解决方案：
1、删除/data/cache目录中的部分文件，释放出/data分区的一部分inode。
2、用软连接将空闲分区/opt中的newcache目录连接到/data/cache，使用/opt分区的inode来缓解/data分区inode不足的问题：
ln -s /opt/newcache /data/cache
3、更换服务器，用高配置的服务器替换低配置的服务器。很多时候用钱去解决问题比用技术更有效，堆在我办公桌上5台全新的 DELL PowerEdge 1950 服务器即将运往IDC机房。
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