[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862569)
TADARISE 40 MG Email Homepage
2020-1-18 18:39
Tadarise 40 mg online at the lowest price in the USA to cure erectile dysfunction in men at 100% trusted pharmacy online store. Check Deal!!!!https://www.genericday.com/tadarise-40-mg.html
AVG Login Email Homepage
2020-1-18 18:50
AVG is a well-recognized name in the domain of cybersecurity solutions. It offers sophisticated and user-friendly products that are undoubtedly the best of the breed. However, such innovative products require a user-friendly management platform to allow users to experience their full potential.
Best online training. Email Homepage
2020-1-18 20:16
WALTER Email
2020-1-19 21:17
You can now share your Office document easily with your friends and colleagues or directly share it with your office. You can also work on projects with your Teams with Microsoft Office Teams.office.com/setup
my kaspersky Email Homepage
2020-1-20 14:47
www.hulu.com/.actiavte Email Homepage
2020-1-20 16:14
hulu.com/activate is the cheapest online video streaming services grown ever more popular, cable connections or subscriptions became un popular and peoples are looking to cut the cord with cable operator and switching to Hulu simply activating by visiting <a href="https://info-hulu.com/">www.hulu.com/activate</a><a href="https://infohulu.com/">www.hulu.com/activate</a><a href="https://www.go-hulu.com/">www.hulu.com/activate</a>
www.hulu.com/.actiavte Email Homepage
2020-1-20 16:15
hulu.com/activate is the cheapest online video streaming services grown ever more popular, cable connections or subscriptions became un popular and peoples are looking to cut the cord with cable operator and switching to Hulu simply activating by visiting https://info-hulu.com/https://www.go-hulu.com/https://infohulu.com/
roku.com/link Email Homepage
2020-1-20 16:29
You’re no longer beholden to cable subscription and if you want a wide range of television options to get Roku device today start watching TV on upon Roku device activation by visiting roku.com/link.https://urlrokucomlink.com
roku.com/link Email Homepage
2020-1-20 16:32
The Roku channel is the Expansion of programming for new generation children. Roku declares plans to Combined kids and family movies and TV together with the channel's other content, including subscriptions, its free, television, ad-supported movies, and live TV.
roku.com/link Email Homepage
2020-1-20 16:33
Roku is a streaming device, which provides the simplest way to stream entertainment channel to your TV. On your terms. You can access more than 500000+ movies and TV episodes across free and pay on Roku. Also, you will get the best quality video streaming with it. You can watch shows, movies, an entertainment channel, web series, etc. For the activation of the Roku device, Go to URL: roku.com/link.
norton Email Homepage
2020-1-20 17:02
For McAfee activation click mcafee.com/activateFor Norton activation click norton.com/setup
Chicago Wedding Planner Email Homepage
2020-1-20 18:42
Nice.Chicago Wedding Planner文字https://www.happilyeverafterbyamy.com/
Marvel lora Email Homepage
2020-1-20 18:52
What valid hand proper article! I lean in the direction of your publish, it is exceptionally monster. Key troubles you\\\'ve got the whole thing saw strong north yank nation. An duty of appreciation is all on the whole for sharing. Visit௹                     http://usa-norton.com   ||  http://turbotax-support.com  ||  http://emailcustomernumbers.com
Computer Writing Services Email Homepage
2020-1-21 13:46
Affordability of our Computer Writing Services is another attribute that makes us the best  Computer Science Coursework Writer and Computer Science Writing Help provider in the industry.https://www.meldaresearch.com/computer-science-writing-services/
Install vipre Email Homepage
2020-1-21 14:10
Alia Email Homepage
2020-1-21 14:12
If you are going through with Yahoo mail Errors, then you can contact Yahoo customer service to talk with the specialists. As the experts are verified professionals, they will go in-depth with your problem and suggest the best solution.Yahoo mail customer service
Tadalista Professional Email Homepage
2020-1-21 14:41
tadalista professional pills composed of Tadalafil 20mg treats Erectile Dysfunction issue in impotent male . The pills is known for its quick action mechanism and unique sublingual form of medicine. This pills works by boosting up flow of lifeblood and loosening arterial blockages in the penile. Complete action mechanism allows impotent male to attain and preserve stiffer penile erection for long time. Moderate intake of this high powered pills is recommended safe.Tadalista Professional
sara Email Homepage
2020-1-21 15:03
It provides protection to your data by encrypting the information over the internet. McAfee gives you endpoint protection. Enter Mcafee Product Key Globally, there are many cases of virus attacking systems that bring huge data loss for the organization.Werbroot  geek squad  |  mcafee.com/activate |webroot geek squad |routerlogin  | adviser for You
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-1-21 15:22
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad/">webroot geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/">webroot geeksquad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-install-geek-squad/">webroot install geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geek-squad-download/">webroot.com geek squad download</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geeksquad-download/https://geeksquad...
分页: 113/438 第一页 上页 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]