[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8410) | 引用(0) | 阅读(715584)
Norton.com/nu16 Email Homepage
2020-2-13 14:18
Norton also offers products to optimize your device for better services. One of such services provided by Norton is Norton Utilities.Using Norton Utilities, you can optimize the RAM, memory, and processor of your device. In order to get Norton Utilities, you can visit Norton.com/nu16|Norton.com/setup|
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-2-13 14:45
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
Psychology Writing Services Email Homepage
2020-2-13 14:50
Nursing Assignment Writing Services Email Homepage
2020-2-13 14:55
Students who seek Nursing Assignment Writing Services Onlinefrom a writing company are guaranteed of getting good grades for their Nursing Assignment Writing Help and Online Nursing Assignment Writing Services that are free from grammatical errors.
tristanhernandez Email Homepage
2020-2-13 18:20
An Outlook password is that important thing which keeps your account safe and secure from unwanted interruptions.There may be many reasons behind resetting the password. Maybe you forget your Outlook password, your account got hacked, etc. There  are many ways to Reset outlook password
nimraa Email Homepage
2020-2-13 19:43
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article.  小説https://mix.com/rafaymughal/posts?modal=1&url_id=544961796822294528
C# Programming Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-13 22:27
Nice Information, thanks Features of C# Programming Assignment Help :It is a high-level programming language developed It’s user friendly language and easy to implement It is powerful and open-source language. You can easily download it from internet and can install your own on your computer and can start doing performing programming.It is compatible with almost all platforms such as Linux, Windows, Mac OS X etc C# Assignment Help
Python Assignment HelpHelp Email Homepage
2020-2-13 22:29
With the advancements in computer science and IT field, numerous computer applications came into existence, one of them is Python Programming language. However, some of students find Python Programming Assignments difficult as its new programming language, then worry not because our expert assignment help team provide assistance to scholars in Python Programming at a very affordable charges. Python Assignment Help
Database Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-13 22:35
Nice BlogGet Database Assignment Help at affordable price.Login now or Click here to avail it Database Assignment Help
123 hp com setup Email Homepage
2020-2-14 03:32
Support for 123 hp com setuphp 8710 driverhp officejet pro 8710 driverhp officejet pro 8710 driverCall Us Now On +1-888-287-3056
smita Email Homepage
2020-2-14 13:19
WonderMouse Technology offers Software, Responsive web design services india. We are a team of dynamic professionals from fields like Web Designing, Technology, Marketing, and Product Development etc. We strive to offer the best solution for your unique requirements- enabling Business Transformation, Growth, Profitability and most importantly Business continuity.Ever since our establishment, WonderMouse Technology has been steadily growing and improving to make sure we can offer elite long term solutions for IT Management. Internet business is the present and eventual fate of overall exchange. WonderMouse Technology is the pioneer in making Ecommerce a smooth ordeal and Website Development Company knows it great.For best result contact our Web design dubai.https://www.wondermouse.in/responsive-web-design/https://www.wondermouse.in/best-website-development-company-gurgaon/htt...
https://mcafee-activation.com Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:06
McAfee Antivirus Software For Windows can be downloaded and set up. Of malware and infection security, Mcafee antivirus is the ideal antivirus. Mcafee antivirus can be effectively downloaded and set up by means of mcafee.com/actuate.https://mcafee-activation.com
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:08
STEP-1. Right off the bat, open any of the Ms office apply to the gadget. And afterward, click the "Actuate Now" button, once provoked. STEP-2. On the Activation Wizard saw to the screen, select the "I have to initiate the product framework over net association" decision thus, click the "Following" button. STEP-3. After this, the clients are coordinated to the page of the working environment Activate. Here, enter the Ms office Unique 25 digit item key inside the territory gave to the clients. STEP-4. At that point, click the "Enact" button. STEP-5. Ms-office Setup gets enacted to the gadgetvisit:https://ww-office.us/
Management Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:21
Are you a management student who has to complete multiple assignments weekly and don’t have time to complete every assignment perfectly? Then take management assignment help from our qualified and experienced experts. So, if you want to outsource your work to anyone who can deliver quality and plagiarism free management assignment help at affordable prices, then you need to drop us an email and ask right now! Before we start working on your management projects, let us first understand what management is and how it impact’s the community.Please connect with us  Management Assignment Help
Marketing Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:24
Marketing Management Assignment HelpMarketing has always been a desired field for students to secure a lucrative career. Marketing is an extensive subject covering more than 100 degrees to pursue. Every MBA aspirant should consider two major things before selecting marketing as their main area to concentrate. Firstly, interest in the marketing course area and secondly capability to submit a hefty amount of assignments on short deadlines. Marketing assignments are an essential part of a marketing management degree. There plenty of marketing management  assignment help services available online. But writing assignments on marketing related topics isn’t a turkey shoot. It requires the capability of detailed research, knowledge in the specific are and writing skills. But there’s nothing to be tensed about, we at my assignmenthelp.net provide marketing management homework help by proficient marketing assignment writers to finish your intricate projects.Marketing Assignment Help
Myoob Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:26
MYOB Perdisco assignment is a significant way of expressing the information derived from a particular research conducted by an individual. MYOB Assignment help is one of the most essential and important ways to express all the information which is gotten from one particular search that is conducted by an individual. It’s basically one of the ways of digging up the information with respect to the different engaged areas in MYOB and the applications that it has for the solving of different accounting problems.Myob Assignment Help
Perdisco Assignment Help Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:28
An Accounting Assignment Help has the potential capability of bringing out new facts and information about the study along with the implementation of MYOB. As a trusted brand among students, we strive to provide 100% unique solutions at an affordable price. We deliver quality solutions for assignments in over 100 subjects plagiarism free answers. Our tutors focus on providing step-by-step solution to every assignment problem. The popularity of Perdisco MYOB tests is increasing day by day, just because of its remarkable features. However, doing perdisco is not an easy assignment. You must be very good at accounting and its fundamentals. It was initially introduced in Australia but now many countries are following this such as the USA, UAE, Asian countries, etc.Perdisco Assignment Help
Mathew Marker Email Homepage
2020-2-14 14:30
Really very happy to say, your post is very interesting to read. I never stop myself to say something about it. You’re doing a great job.Keep it up
分页: 122/421 第一页 上页 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]