使用Varnish代替Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案[原创]

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2007-11-29 22:11 | by 张宴 ]

　　[文章作者：张宴本文版本：v1.2 最后修改：2008.01.02 转载请注明出处：http://blog.zyan.cc]

　　我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》，但当时仅仅是用着玩，没做深入研究。

　　今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章，已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少，中文资料更是微乎其微，希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

　　在我看来，使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点：
　　1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术，在内存的利用上，Varnish比Squid具有优势，它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件，性能要比Squid高。
　　2、Varnish的稳定性还不错，我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月，没有发生过故障，而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
　　3、通过Varnish管理端口，可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存，这一点是Squid不能具备的。

　　

　　下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器（Linux系统）：
　　1、创建www用户和组，以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录（/var/vcache）：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache

　　2、创建Varnish日志目录（/var/logs/）：

mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs

　　3、编译安装varnish：

wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install

　　4、创建Varnish配置文件：

vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用

backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}

if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}

sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}

sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}

sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}

　　这里，我对这段配置文件解释一下：
　　(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5，端口为80的web服务器；
　　(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存；
　　(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理，非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”；
　　(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存，对POST请求透过，让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置，是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的，需要服务器接收、处理，所以不缓存；
　　(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时，对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

　　5、启动Varnish

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on

　　6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &

　　7、配置开机自动启动Varnish

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

　　8、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

　　再看看如何管理Varnish：
　　1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

　　2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理：
　　用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用

Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool

　　3、通过Varnish管理端口，使用正则表达式批量清除缓存：
　　(1)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址）：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

　　(2)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

　　(3)、例：清除所有缓存：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$

　　4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数（清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数，无需作任何修改，十分方便）：

　　附1：Varnish官方网站：http://www.varnish-cache.org/

　　附2：2007年12月10日，我写了一个每天0点运行，按天切割Varnish日志，生成一个压缩文件，同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本（/var/logs/cutlog.sh）：
　　/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下：

引用

#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

　　设置在每天00:00定时执行：
　　

/usr/bin/crontab -e

　　或者　　

vi /var/spool/cron/root

　　输入以下内容：

引用

0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh

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