[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(841325)
geeksquadwebroot Email Homepage
2020-9-16 20:03
Webroot Safe install is the most popular computer security that helps you to protect Windows,Mac and Android devices.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadBelow mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squad<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquad-webroot-install/">geeksquad webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquadwebroot/">geeksquadwebroot</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/install-webroot-geek-squad/">install webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/installing-webroot-geek-squad-download/">installing webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/weboot-con-geek-squad/">weboot.con/geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-bestbuy/">webroot bestbuy</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-bestbuy-download/">webroot bestbuy download</a>https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquad-webroot-install/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/geeksquadwebroot/https://geeksquadwe...
123.hp.com/setup Email Homepage
2020-9-17 13:28
Hi, Thanks for sharing this valuable information. It is really good. Have a view on <a href="https://123-printers-support.us/" title="123.hp.com">123.hp.com/setup</a> to get a lot of information about the latest printer models, driver installation and other troubleshooting issues of HP Printer.
pckaspersky Email Homepage
2020-9-17 17:27
Thanks for this valuable information!https://pckaspersky.com/
Rufus Bush Email Homepage
2020-9-18 14:06
Are you really looking some issues using Time Warner Login. To begin with, when enrolling to get an email accounts, it's necessary to be aware the older web-mail along with Time Warner login webpages nolonger do the job. You will observe a typical page re directing you towards this address, and also perhaps the page can only don't load. As an alternative, you have to go into your road-runner Client Service number telephone +1-844-902-0608 for some issues.
Kunal Email Homepage
2020-9-18 15:05
A reputable Website Design and Web Development Company in India, our Expert Web Developers provide premium Website Designs, Development & SEO services India.www.akswebsoft.com/index.html
debra000 Email
2020-9-18 20:23
This article is good but I also have written an article which gives you more information about that Visit here.
tarzanturkk Email Homepage
2020-9-19 14:20
Establish internet connection on your system.Open a web browser and go to www.norton.com/setup.Log in to your account with correct username and password.Search for the product that you have bought online after entering into your account.Select the product that you have purchased and move to download option.Press the download button to pour Norton setup into your system.Allocate the memory location in your system to the downloaded setup file according to your convenience. Otherwise, it will save at it’s by default location, i.e. download section of the system.Be patient till it downloaded into your system.Now, your system holds the setup file of Norton security package, and you are all ready to install it on your system.
Webroot secureanywhere download Email Homepage
2020-9-21 14:27
It surely makes me happy and I am pleased about the positioning of someone's article. You're a really talented individual I've observed.
paul william Email Homepage
2020-9-21 19:07
??Open the web browser and visit McAfee.com/activate. ??Sign in to your McAfee Account. ??Enter 25 Digit Mcafee Product key to Activate it.Mcafee.com/ActivateVisit Support.brother.com and enter your printer Model to download Brother Printer Drivers. Install it &amp; Begin with your Printing.MywifiExtNetgear Extender Not Working?Try to open www.mywifiext.net to setup of WiFi Extender. Check out the steps for WiFi extender Configuration.Brother Printer Drivers
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-9-22 17:47
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.https://installkaspersky.com<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
installkaspersky Email Homepage
2020-9-22 17:52
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers•  Each copy of a multiple-device license for Kaspersky Anti-Virus 2019 (for example, a 3 PCs license) is installed and activated in the same way on all computers you want to protect.•  In conclusion to activate Kaspersky Internet Security 2019 on all computers, use one and the same activation code you purchased.https://installkaspersky.com<a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-support-number/">kaspersky support number and Kaspersky Total Security Download</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-download-and-install">kaspersky installation</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-setup/">kaspersky setup</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com">install kaspersky with activation code</a><a href="http://installkaspersky.com/kaspersky-code-activation">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a><a href="https://installkaspersky.com/geek-squad-kaspersky-activation-code">Geek squad kaspersky activation code</a>
www.macfee.com/activate Email Homepage
2020-9-23 15:32
www.McAfee.com/activate - Find the McAfee antivirus download, install & activation steps. Enter McAfee activate code and get started at Mcafee.com/activate.<a href="https://mcommcafee.com/">www. McAfee.com/activate </a>
henryrafal Email Homepage
2020-9-23 17:30
Express app is a basic application for all the Garmin users and thus the app should be updated to the latest version. Do you also want the Garmin Express Update procedure? If yes, then you contact the Garmin expert team via calling. The technicians are polite and will serve you the service in a very professional way. With high knowledge in their field, they tend to assist you with a relevant solution within no time.Visit here:- https://gps-map-updates.com/garmin-express/
office setup Email Homepage
2020-9-23 17:40
Go to the web browser according to your preference.Type office.com/myaccount. you will be directed to the Microsoft Sign on the webpage and then click on the Create One option.
installvipre Email Homepage
2020-9-24 17:52
kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab Email Homepage
2020-9-25 18:14
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers<a href="http://kaspersky.sitelio.me">kaspersky code activation and kaspersky lab</a>http://kaspersky.sitelio.me
install kaspersky antivirus without cd Email Homepage
2020-9-26 20:12
install kaspersky with activation code | How to install and activate kaspersky on multiple computers<a href="https://kasperskyactivationcode.sitelio.me">install kaspersky antivirus without cd</a>https://kasperskyactivationcode.sitelio.me
office setasp Email Homepage
2020-9-28 05:42
I am also publishing an article  in my blog about how to set up Microsoft offices on your desktop. You can read this article to getting microsoft office setup , You are requested to visit office.com/setup . office setup    | www.office.com/setup
stefaanronan Email
2020-9-28 13:02
McAfee is truly outstanding and believed brands in the world. McAfee is a worldwide PC security programming organization that has been trying sincerely and giving its clients a protective layer against a wide range of online dangers like spyware, assaults, malware. On the off chance that you are stressed over mcafee login
分页: 180/436 第一页 上页 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]