[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8714) | 引用(0) | 阅读(840754)
cashapplimits Email Homepage
2021-4-10 13:53
Decent blog..! I truly cherished perusing this article. Thanks for sharing such an astounding post with us and continue blogging.Increase cash app limitCash app limitHow to increase cash app limitDoes cash app have a limitHow much money can you send on cash appCash app withdrawal limitCash app limit after verificationCash app limit per dayCash app deposit limit文字https://www.cashapplimits.com/
hennry Email Homepage
2021-4-10 13:58
Microsoft Office have become an integral part of our routine as well as professional and academic lives. This is because by downloading the Microsoft Office Product key package at office.com/setup, you gain access to a number of Microsoft products and cloud based applications that can be used to make creative content, present it in a professional manner, and collaborate using a singular platform. Office.com/setup is a one-time purchase, whilst different editions were, and as Office 2019 is.Office.com/setupoffice.com/setup
hennry Email Homepage
2021-4-10 14:00
Microsoft Office or office.com/setup is a powerful tool that improvises the deficiency of your tasks by using powerful tools like excel, word, PowerPoint, Outlook email client, one-note, etc. Depending on the product that suits or meets your needs or which version you have purchased either from the store or online. Most importantly office.com/setup is compatible with almost all operating systems devices whether it will be Windows, mac, android, or iOS that means it is available for all the devices out there in the market or the devices you are using.
HP Printer Error 49 Email Homepage
2021-4-10 17:50
These days, knowing how to repair Error 49 in an HP printer is crucial, as this type of error occurs when a company's internal communication fails, resulting in a critical error, and the formatted processor aborts its activity. Hp printers have the ability to record error codes and view them on the computer screen so that the user can easily resolve the issue. Hp printer error 49 is said to be a serious cause of bad printing commands, corrupted data, various invalid operations, firmware, formatted, or even EIO card or memory accessory failure. Printers definitely make work go faster, but there are many errors that users encounter while working, and one of the most common errors is 49, which occurs due to a technical issue. As a result, we have given some quick and easy steps to help all troubled clients get rid of the https://www.printersupport24x7.com/questions/how-to-fix-hp-printer-error-49/.
ijcanon Email
2021-4-12 00:20
ij setup canon is a website to download drivers, software, manuals or firmware for your Canon printer, you can also visit the ij.start.canon site to do the same. https://ij-setupcanon.com/
metrendbestmicro Email Homepage
2021-4-12 19:19
mcafeeimportant Email Homepage
2021-4-12 19:19
wayout Email
2021-4-13 15:18
Love to read this amazing and helpful post. I would like to thanks to you for this beautiful post. Carpet Floor MarkersCarpet Floor Markers
Chime Customer Service Email Homepage
2021-4-13 15:20
If promoting your business is your major concern due to not able of handling financial requirements and needs, you just need to have a reliable source i.e. Chime. Sometimes, while using it, you might face some sorts of difficulties and technical problems. All you need to do is to have a word with Chime Customer Service experts and sort out the matter.
Cash App Dispute Email Homepage
2021-4-13 15:21
If you are one of those who facing some hurdles while implementing Cash App Dispute operation,you should simplyget in touch with the Cash app troubleshooting professionals. Here, they will suggest you step by step instructions through which you will be able to get rid of all your problems in no time.
cash app dispute Email Homepage
2021-4-13 15:22
We all make mistakes while using a cash app account. If you have processed a payment to the wrong number and the recipient is not refunding your money then you can raise a cash app dispute for this. This will help you to get your money back by coordinating with the bank. You can also take the help of our experts in case you don’t know how to raise a dispute.
mark Email Homepage
2021-4-13 17:13
Contact support service to know how to send funds from venmo to cash app cardUsers face various technical inconveniences while sending money to other apps. If you want to send money from venmo to cash app card, connect with us for prompt and reliable solutions. With our 24 hours available support team, users can instant assistance in fixing technical difficulties.
mark Email Homepage
2021-4-13 17:17
Mitigate Your Gmail Signature Too Long Complications As Quickly As PossibleIf you want to stamp out all your Gmail Signature Too Long related queries and problems, you should get in touch with the Gmail professionals. Here, they will deliver the quality technical support to mitigate all your complications and hurdles permanently from the root. Furthermore, you can also have a fruitful discussion regarding other issue you might face.
mark Email Homepage
2021-4-13 17:21
What Are The Guidelines Needed To Perform  Cash App Cancel Payment?Are you one of those account holders whose payment has been deducted? In such a case, you have to perform a Cash App Cancel Payment operation in a correct and better way. In case of any hassle regarding the same, you should take help from the experts who will help you out right from the comfort of your home.
alejandraleo Email
2021-4-13 18:45
You should simply have a word with the specialists who will let you know the right information about how <a href="https://www.my-accountrecovery.com/blog/can-you-send-$10000-through-cash-app/">Can You Send $10000 Through Cash App</a> account. Here, they will provide you with the steps by step procedure along with the right way to do the same without having to face any issue with your account.
alejandraleo Email
2021-4-13 18:57
For safety purposes, the cash app has a routing number as well as your account number. Furthermore, if you are still looking to know more about <a href="https://www.emailsupport-contact.com/blog/does-cash-app-have-a-routing-number/">Does Cash App Have A Routing Number</a>, you have had a word with the cash app support professionals who will help you out in every possible manner.
alejandraleo Email
2021-4-13 19:03
To implement <a href="https://www.contactsupport-number.net/blog/dispute-your-cash-app-payment/">Cash App Dispute </a>operation, you must have knowledge about the required instructions and guidelines. All you need to do is to have a word with the Cash app professionals who will let you know everything about the same. Here, they will provide you with a feasible remedy, regarding the same.
jacks Email Homepage
2021-4-13 20:13
This is very informative and helpful post in the blog posting world. Your every post always give us some qualitative things.  So thank you so much for sharing this post.MSN customer  supportMSN SupportHotmail Technical Support
martinjohn Homepage
2021-4-13 20:34
At USA Car Removal Adelaide, you have the buyer you’ve been looking for. Give us a call and we’ll make you Cash for Cars offer. We buy Sedans, Trucks, 4x4s, Vans, SUVs, Utes, Jeeps, buses, 4WDs, Light Trucks, Trucks and motorcycles of any make and condition. At SA Car Removal Adelaide, you have a licensed and insured auto buyer that will make you a Top Cash offer for your Unwanted Car today. We buy any make, any model, any year and in any condition of a vehicle. We provide eco-friendly Wrecking & Recycling and our Auto Wrecking helps to curb manufacturing for new parts so we keep the environment green. With more than many years of experience in cash for cars At SA Car Removal, our customers get Cash for cars in adelaide Cash for cars Caboolture Cash for cars ipswich Cash for cars in adelaide in australia
purchasedkaspersky Email Homepage
2021-4-13 21:29
分页: 217/436 第一页 上页 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]