[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8366) | 引用(0) | 阅读(697843)
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-2-22 00:56
office.com/setup :- Everybody who has ever owned a computer is familiar with Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. Word processing apps, spreadsheet programs, and slideshow apps are the main components of productivity suites. With the help of the apps that come with utility suites, one can create and share documents, presentations, and spreadsheets.For more information:- http://productmsoffice.com/
Netgear Router Login Email Homepage
2019-2-22 12:09
Netgear has various WiFi routers available for every need. It provides multiple services which can resolve all the relevant issues related to customers Router. We have mentioned everything related to Netgear Router login ranging from how to perform netgear router login to how to troubleshoot netgear router login issues. You can contact us on Netgear Router Support Number.Netgear router SupportNetgear router login
john Email Homepage
2019-2-22 17:15
Use Mcafee.com/Activate to activate and run mcafee, then you can let us know by calling Mcafee Tech Support To Activate Mcafee  Antivirus +18773010214.Mcafee.com/Activate
cox webmail Email Homepage
2019-2-25 16:12
Cox is a private American Company that provides digital cable television, telecommunications, and Home Automation services in the United States.cox webmail
Chromecast.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-2-25 16:15
Designed and Developed by Google, this device allows the user to live stream video content directly on their Television. The Google Chromecast is designed as a small dongle that enables the user to use the internet to stream audio-visual content in high-definition. Google’s Chromecast is a cute little circular dongle (or a thick thumb drive, if you have an earlier model) that takes video and audio from a smartphone, tablet, laptop, Mac or PC, and stream a TV.Chromecast.com/setup
HarrisonWilson Email Homepage
2019-2-26 02:55
Rostrum Education provides the best GRE coaching in Delhi, India. Our subject test guidance helps you to clear the GRE test and will also help you develop analytical writing skills. We help you construct a good foundation of concepts by equipping you with resources and tutoring systematically. We also undertake class room exercises and employ various techniques to aid you in formulating a unique test taking strategy. Remember that you are tested not only on your exam skills but also on your approach to the exam.https://www.rostrumedu.com/overview-of-gre-general-test.php
Billy Mark Email
2019-2-26 14:44
I visit your web page. It is really useful and easy to understand. Hope everyone get benefit. Thanks for sharing your Knowledge and experience with us.   mcafee.com/activatemcafee.com/activate
Garmin GPS update Email Homepage
2019-2-27 18:01
Nice one! This post is amazing and very important. Thanks for sharing.VIsit @ http://gpshelpnumber.com/
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-2-27 19:27
After purchasing office.com/setup need to visit office activate online to install and we provide technical services help in office setup on your Computer. http://officecom-officecom.comoffice.com/setup
Netgear Router Setup Email Homepage
2019-2-28 18:56
Netgear router login is one of the best organizations which provides you the complete Netgear router update or Netgear router setup for the login procedure and complete steps for the installation of the Netgear WiFi router. Netgear Genie provides the most trustworthy and reliable services in the range of WiFi routers.Visit @ http://netgear-router-login.net/
Netgear Router Setup Email Homepage
2019-2-28 18:57
Netgear router login is one of the best organizations which provides you the complete Netgear router update or Netgear router setup for the login procedure and complete steps for the installation of the Netgear WiFi router. Netgear Genie provides the most trustworthy and reliable services in the range of WiFi routers.Visit @ http://netgear-router-login.net/
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-3-1 12:28
office.com/setup setup thing key:- ms office suite offers a wide selection of things anyway to get to an approved adjustment, you ought to have office thing key.After you outperform the extra time for testing, it winds up mandatory to purchase an office setup thing key.Especially if you wear down online microsoft Office, you can get to your record and diverse preferences if you have an enlisted record participation.
smith leoo Email Homepage
2019-3-1 19:13
Are you facing trouble with McAfee Activate product? Get instant solution for purchasing, downloading and installing McAfee retail card.McAfee.com/activateoffice.com/setupoffice.com/setupMcafee.com/activate
webroot geek squad Email Homepage
2019-3-2 03:19
Webroot geek squad antivirus for your mac and pc.Webroot geek squad antivirus protects your device from unwanted threats.Below mentioned are the services provided by webroot geek squadhttps://geeksquadwebroot.com/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/<a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/">Webroot geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/best-buy-webroot-install/">best buy webroot install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-download/">Webroot geek squad download</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-install/">Webroot geek squad install</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-geek-squad-support/">Webroot geek squad support</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-safe-geek-squad/">webroot safe geek squad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/webroot-com-geeksquad/">webroot.com/geeksquad</a><a href="https://geeksquadwebroot.com/www-webroot-com-safe/">www.webroot.com/safe</a>
Henny Duggal Email Homepage
2019-3-4 17:32
Norton.com/setup: Learn, how to download and setup Norton Antivirus software For Windows and Mac OS PC/Laptop.
Henny Duggal Email
2019-3-4 17:34
Norton.com/setup: Learn, how to download and setup Norton Antivirus software For Windows and Mac OS PC/Laptop.http://notron-notron.com/
telescopic channels for wooden fittings Email Homepage
2019-3-4 17:57
Your topic article too good and also well written. Thanks for sharing.telescopic channels for wooden fittings
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-3-4 18:18
If you want to activate your McAfee account for full access of the features then you must have to purchase the McAfee activation product key and need to complete the process of McAfee activation.https://www.mcafeeactivationhelp.com/
office.com/myaccount Email Homepage
2019-3-5 12:32
Create or signin to microsoft office.com/myaccount to install office setup. Visit office.com/myaccount to manage office setup subscription.office.com/myaccount | office.com/myaccount
office.com/myaccount Email Homepage
2019-3-5 12:34
Thanks for all the tips mentioned in this article! it’s always good to read things you have heard before and are implementing, but from a different perspective, always pick up some extra bits of information. Visit@ office.com/myaccount | office.com/myaccount
分页: 27/419 第一页 上页 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]