[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8412) | 引用(0) | 阅读(716459)
jasontaylor Email Homepage
2022-10-13 05:03
Based on the experience of predecessors in the field of education as a special genre form premium quality essays  considered as lyrics, drama or even fictionhttps://qualityessay.com/buy-custom-essays.html
jasontaylor Email Homepage
2022-10-13 05:03
Based on the experience of predecessors in the field of education as a special genre form premium quality essays  considered as lyrics, drama or even fictionhttps://qualityessay.com/buy-custom-essays.html
ddfg Email
2022-10-13 17:36
https://sites.google.com/metmaskios.com/metamasksigninn/home , The Metamask sign in account is designed with premium security features and promises protection, https://sites.google.com/coinbselogs.com/coinbasepro/home The most trusted platform for trading cryptocurrency Coinbase Pro, https://sites.google.com/uscryptocomlogin.com/cryptocomlogin/home Buy crypto with no fees in the BitPay app for a limited time. https://sites.google.com/metmaskios.com/metamask-sign-in/home This article introduces a one-click, cryptographically-secure login flow using MetaMask, with all data stored on the app's own back-end.
dfs Email Homepage
2022-10-14 10:20
if you are also looking for a way to withdraw Bitcoin from your wallet then you need to keep reading this post. Before jumping to the next section make sure that you have accessed the Exodus Wallet on your mobile or computer or that you have the password or private key details to access the account. <a href="https://us-loog-metkaamsik.godaddysites.com/">Metamask Login</a><a href="https://us-khontum-swollt.godaddysites.com/">Phantom wallet</a><a href="https://exuiideas-us-follett.mystrikingly.com/">Exodus Wallet</a><a href="https://us-axxobus-volletx.mystrikingly.com/">Exodus Wallet</a><a href="https://usattumiice-swollet.godaddysites.com/">Atomic Wallet</a><a href="https://aulltomiceusvollet.godaddysites.com/">Atomic Wallet</a><a href="https://shuiibasvvap.godaddysites.com/">Shibaswap</a><a href="https://usoponsseanfft.godaddysites.com/">Opensea nft</a><a href="https://doxxtooles.godaddysites.com/">DEXTools</a><a href="https://traezuriuskollet.godaddysites.com/">Trezor Wallet</a><a href="https://shooshiisveaps.godaddysites.com/">SushiSwap</a><a href="https://altumiicussvallet.godaddysites.com/">Atomic Wallet</a><a href="https://bineanie-us-svollet.godaddysites.com/">Binance Wallet</a><a href="https://kotalomassk-us-losgn.godaddysites.com/">Metamask Login</a><a href="https://usmotkamekivvollat.godaddysites.com/">MetaMask Wallet</a>
Trezor Wallet Email Homepage
2022-10-14 13:15
Trezor wallet is being used by millions of people among us and they are trading offline without any worries. Trezor Wallet can be used with the help of the Trezor device and it's Suite app. If you are also looking for a way to get started with Trezor Wallet then you have come to the right page. Read More: https://trezoriowallett.com/
Emma Email Homepage
2022-10-14 13:58
BEST EVER IN THE WORLD. YOU MUST TRY THIS !AMAZING WORK GUYS JUST KEEP IT UP ! YOU MUST TRY THIS MY WEBSITE!SITE IS HERE :<a href="https://www.fatsoma.com/e/ph8qmwps/lets-gaming">Mahadev Book</a>
findsmiolo Email Homepage
2022-10-14 20:04
Thanks for this valuable information!https://findsmiolo.com/<a href="https://findsmiolo.com/"findsmiolo</a>
newvipre Email Homepage
2022-10-14 20:05
Thanks for this valuable information!https://newvipre.shop/<a href="https://newvipre.shop/"newvipre</a>
safevipre Email Homepage
2022-10-14 20:05
Thanks for this valuable information!https://safevipre.com/<a href="https://safevipre.com/"safevipre</a>
mhsahid Email
2022-10-16 16:23
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing websites that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. It is the old what goes around comes around routine.  ufabet เว็บตรงทางเข้า
eie88 Email Homepage
2022-10-16 20:26
http://188.166.199.51/http://188.166.207.1/http://104.248.99.224/
anneshakerspeare Email Homepage
2022-10-17 02:45
In order to achieve a high level in the study of the model of academic to buy pre written articles  it is necessary to be able to create clear and detailed texts of professional and personal orientation. To have the skills of writing professional correspondence, to fill out questionnaires for professional and scientific purposes.https://essaywritingstore.com/purchase-pre-written-article-review
janne Email Homepage
2022-10-17 18:34
PayPal is one of the many payment processing platforms that allow individuals and businesses to and fro of money. This platform is a one-stop destination for those users who are looking to receive payments from their buyers as well as those who want to make payments for their shopping.<a href="https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/">PayPal login</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/15073729501414908848">123.hp.com</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/profile/02345909626842503359">paypal Login</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemaillogin/">PayPal login</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/paypalloginn-iusa/">PayPal business account</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/">PayPal login</a><a href="https://mykashipur.com/">PayPal login</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/paypalsignus/">PayPal business account</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/ijstartcanonusa/">canon.com ijsetup</a><a href="https://ijprosmart.us/">canon.com ijsetup</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/cashapploginiusa/">cash app login</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/showtimeanytimeus/">showtime anytime activate</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/123hpcomus/">123.hp.com/setup</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/robinhoodloginus/">Robinhood Login</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/amazonprimeus/">www.amazon.com/mytv</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/youtvactivateus/">youtube.com/activate</a><a href="https://sites.google.com/view/youtvactivate/">youtube.com/activate</a><a href="https://12online-jobs.blogspot.com/">Online Jobs</a>
Sweepstakesnew Homepage
2022-10-17 18:50
Www.Homedepot.Com Survey is the $5000 Survey Sweepstakes deal from the official Home Depot Stores Home Depot Survey is available across North America.https://sweepstakesnew.com/rubios-guest-feedback-survey/
Mail.aol.com | aol.com login Email
2022-10-17 20:24
I read this post your post so nice and very informative post thanks for sharing this post!Mail.aol.com | aol.com login
Anne Homepage
2022-10-18 00:01
we are developing tiffs with our girlfriends, wife or our partners. And as a result of that, numerous issues like depression, frustration and agony are raising their heads. But you can combat all those problems if you can come to our paid high profile dwarka escort agency. They will pull out all the frustration from your body and fill it with pleasure and satisfaction. Also, apart from giving you physical comfort, they will provide you with mental satisfaction as well.college girls call girls mukherjee nagar
分页: 341/421 第一页 上页 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]