[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8716) | 引用(0) | 阅读(842669)
robert Homepage
2023-3-19 12:18
Thanks for the great post you posted. I like the way you describe the unique content. The points you raise are valid and reasonable. I am a tech support expert telling you about.Saitamask | Coinb
Hyderabad Call Girls Email Homepage
2023-3-20 17:33
Why does everyone desire to spend their night solely with the most demanding Kolkata Call Girls and why are they so special? The Hyderabad Call Girls are not only great at nourishing comfortable and passionate sex, but they also know how to lower a man's stress level, increasing his mental calmness, and assist him with life difficulties if necessary.
Disneyplus.com/begin Email Homepage
2023-3-21 15:23
Thank you for amazing information.Your website is awesome.I want to read even more things about it!https://disneypluscbegin.com
Jamieson Roofing Email Homepage
2023-3-21 17:55
Keep your home safe and secure from the elements with Jamieson Roofing's roof leak repair Calgary. Our experienced team has the expertise to accurately assess and repair your roof, ensuring it's up to standard for years to come. With our roof leak repair services, you can rest assured that your home is protected from the elements and is sure to last for years to come. Invest in peace of mind - choose Jamieson Roofing for roof leak repair today!
camilascott Email
2023-3-21 19:10
A collection of drugs called the Buy Ziverdo Kit is used to treat bacterial and parasite illnesses in the body. It stops bacteria from growing while also killing them. If you have any negative side effects, get medical help (rashes, tingling, swelling, windedness, etc.). Get medical help if you develop any negative side effects, such as rashes, tingling, swelling, windedness, etc.
Plex.tv/link Email Homepage
2023-3-21 19:20
Thank you for amazing information.Your website is awesome.I want to read even more things about it! https://plexstv-links.com/
sarahburnes Email
2023-3-22 17:28
A term paper usually discusses a rather narrow topic in detail. Being several pages long, such a paper requires a high level of preparation and hard work. Usually, a term paper may take several weeks to complete. If you feel that you want to do something more interesting, consider asking write my term paper cheap  at FreshEssay.net.
Roy Homepage
2023-3-23 18:31
Metamask is a free and open-source browser extension that allows users to manage their Ethereum wallets and interact with decentralized applications on the Ethereum network. With Metamask, users can securely store, send, and receive Ether (ETH), the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum network, as well as other ERC-20 tokens. Metamask.com | Metamask Chromehttps://sites.google.com/metamaslogi.com/metamask-chrom/home/https://sites.google.com/metamaslogi.com/metamaskchrom/home/
lucas Email
2023-3-24 12:54
Your excellent essay is appreciated by me because it is well-written and helpful to all users. Please feel free to browse any of my websites for more details.https://sites.google.com/capitalonelogs.com/capitaloneloginus/homehttps://sites.google.com/walletslog.com/cashapploginn/...
smtnancy Email Homepage
2023-3-24 15:43
I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in this blog.I am reading this impressive paragraph it's so usefull.thank you once again.https://fubotvvconnects.com/
viperalready Email Homepage
2023-3-24 16:51
successvipr Email Homepage
2023-3-24 16:52
Thanks for this valuable information!https://successvipr.shop/<a href="https://successvipr.shop/">successvipr</a>
viprenow Email Homepage
2023-3-24 16:52
Thanks for this valuable information!https://viprenow.click/<a href="https://viprenow.click/">viprenow</a>
Linneaelli Email Homepage
2023-3-24 19:15
I love this post.I enjoy your writing style.You can check my website here. https://wwwakamsphonelink-qrc.com
linneaelli Email Homepage
2023-3-24 19:16
Your website is awesome.Thank you for amazing information.
janne Email Homepage
2023-3-25 10:11
https://sites.google.com/byppaypaal.com/paypallogin/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalsignus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemaillogin/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogin-iusa/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/home/https://mykashipur.com/
ver hentai Email Homepage
2023-3-26 04:53
The good is recognized and this is to be recognized as something good ver hentai
jannemilton Email Homepage
2023-3-27 08:21
https://sites.google.com/view/paypalemailloginus/https://sites.google.com/view/paypallogininusa/
Talisha Stark Email Homepage
2023-3-27 17:46
Really excellent and helpful information, thank you. You can also visit my site to know about activation and many more info.
Talisha Stark Email Homepage
2023-3-27 17:50
Really excellent and helpful information, thank you. You can also visit my site to know about activation and many more info.Hbomax.com/signin
分页: 373/436 第一页 上页 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]