[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8390) | 引用(0) | 阅读(709537)
kooldrop Email Homepage
2019-4-22 17:55
​It is very much essential that you select a proper Cooling Tower for your industrial purposes. Kool Drop Cooling Towers Pvt. Ltd. Provides you with a wide range of Cooling Towers. You can choose from a variety of Innovative Designs of Top FRP Cooling Tower Manufacturer Delhi- India.
cooling tower Email Homepage
2019-4-22 18:40
​It is very much essential that you select a proper Cooling Tower for your industrial purposes. Kool Drop Cooling Towers Pvt. Ltd. Provides you with a wide range of Cooling Towers. You can choose from a variety of Innovative Designs of Top FRP Cooling Tower Manufacturer Delhi- India.for more information visit us at: http://www.kooldrop.com
Office Setup Email Homepage
2019-4-22 19:16
Office can be started on www.office.com/setup. The Desktop App Assure program provides dedicated engineering resources to help you remediate any application compatibility issues you might have.In addition,Office Setup Enter Product Key 1-855-499-1999 USA. https://officecom.us/
jeffroot29 Email
2019-4-22 19:28
You have great ideas to share something like this. Thanks for share this info.norton.com/setup  |  mcafee.com/activate
ronny009 Email Homepage
2019-4-23 14:29
Norton Antivirus, Norton Internet Security Suite, Norton Security, Nortsetupon 360, Norton for Mac, Norton 2016.norton.com/setupnorton.com/setup
thevisualhouse Email Homepage
2019-4-23 14:50
Thanks for posting this info. I just want to let you know that I just check out your site and I find it very interesting and informative.Corporate video production company in delhiCorporate film production housesBest video production companies in delhi
Samyara Email Homepage
2019-4-23 18:05
Garmin Express is an application created by the organization to register, update, and introduce all the Garmin gadgets. It is a work area application which you can introduce on your Mac just as Windows PCs. The Garmin Express additionally gives you the arrangement to exchange the information starting with one gadget then onto the next with only a tick
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-4-23 19:58
This is a great article i love it, have bookmarked it. Thank you. Regards - www.office.com/setupoffice.com/setupoffice.com/setup
mcafee.com/activation Email Homepage
2019-4-23 20:13
Nice blog!! this is quite impressive article..thanks for sharing..regards for mcafee.com/activateif you found any kind of strange moments with your computer security..No need to worry about we here to give 24*7 technical support...We provide optimal support regarding any problem with related to your computer security,attacks,foreign movement ,mcafee set up and compatibility issues.Visit@http://mymcafeeactivate.com or call on our toll free no-18006092780http://msofficesetup.org https://nortonsetup-key.com
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-4-24 13:13
The antivirus application you using for installation is most recent version.mcafee.com/activate.
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-4-24 13:34
www.office.com/setup – Today we can’t envision the everyday business activities around the globe without the PC’s innovation. In early days when the principal mechanical PC was developed by Charles Babbage, it was just business situated.http://office-comofficecom.com
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-4-24 13:34
office.com/setup is one of the best known productivity suite for your personal and business use. Microsoft Office is present and available on all the local and international platforms.http://office-office-com.com
amelia Email Homepage
2019-4-24 16:52
Thanks for sharing this post.I am very pleased to read this article.Avast Customer Support
amelia Email Homepage
2019-4-24 16:55
Thanks for sharing this post.I am very pleased to read this article.Avast Customer Support
officecomsetuppp Email Homepage
2019-4-24 18:21
Looking for easy ways to download Norton software, download it at http://nortoncomsetupp.com . We at Norton setup have technical executives to assist you. You can contact us on our toll free number +1800-378-0714 or you can check our websiteshttp://officecomsetuppp.comhttp://nortoncomsetupp.comhttp://mcafeecomactivateee.com
Lucia
2019-4-24 21:20
Well, These are the best. Thanks for sharing such a informative content with us .mcafee.com/activate | office.com/setup | norton.com/setup  www.mcafee.com/activate
Lucia
2019-4-24 21:21
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-4-24 22:42
Marc Email
2019-4-25 13:27
Norton.com/setup - is an antivirus software offering the consumers and businesses endpoint protection to protect their digital world. From securing PCs, Macs and mobile devices to protecting the network through which a user connects all its devices.Norton has provided a number of ways of protecting your confidential information, software and applications.It also has steps to download or re-download, install or reinstall and activate your Norton security products on your computer and mobile device.
mohd javed Email
2019-4-25 18:17
Hey, I am Javed a certified technical professional for arlo security camera with over five years of experience. If you face any issue regarding your arlo camera then can help in all sorts of problem and get instant solution from arlo Experts in a small time period.https://www.arlocamera.net/security/
分页: 40/420 第一页 上页 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]