[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8742) | 引用(0) | 阅读(862603)
delhifunclub Email
2024-6-26 17:22
Find best and affordable escorts service in Delhi DelhiFunClub is the best. We have a fair of local to Russian girls, choose any of them and enjoy life with them. Our Delhi call girls present in Delhi are very beautiful and attractive. She is all educated and lives in high society who will immerse you in the ocean of bliss.https://www.delhifunclub.com/
mahira saq Email
2024-6-26 20:07
MetaMask Web3 Wallet that allows users to manage, transfer, and interact with cryptocurrencies and decentralized applications (dApps) on the Ethereum blockchain and other Ethereum-compatible blockchains. It serves as both a browser extension and a mobile application, providing a secure and user-friendly interface for interacting with the blockchain
stevenmark Email
2024-6-27 19:20
It is a completely different feeling when you finally have the budget to invest in your dream home. And when you are residing in Gurgaon, there is nothing better than investing in a high-rise apartment.Yes, you read that right. Investing in a high-rise apartment is an ongoing trend due to many reasons. One such developer that has built such a property in Gurgaon is none other than Trinity Infratech
live resin canada Email Homepage
2024-6-28 08:43
live resin canada Life is a journey filled with endless thoughts, thank you for imparting yours!
cannalife joint balm Email Homepage
2024-6-29 05:05
https://herbapproach.com/product/green-balm-mota/Very informative site. Keep up the good work!
cannalean Email Homepage
2024-6-30 04:24
https://herbapproach.com/product/canna-lean-wonders/Very informative site. Keep up the good work!
onlinedispensary Email Homepage
2024-7-1 07:54
https://herbapproach.org/product-category/onlinedispensary/Awesome! Really appreciate it, man.
linajanker Email
2024-7-1 19:10
Location plays a major role in the home selection procedure. If a person does not think that the location is appropriate, then they will not think even for a second to reject it. So, this is the reason Silverglades Legacy Sector 64 is situated in the heart of Gurgaon. This is a prime location where you will have location benefits such as connectivity to the nearby airport as it is at a distance of 40 min only. Even the Worldmark and the Hong Kong bazaar are quite near to the area. So, book your visit appointment now with the help of the official website and get started with the evaluation. Silverglades Legacy Sector 64 such a pristine location where you can live your luxurious life.
Cuevana Email Homepage
2024-7-2 11:06
In the ever-expanding universe of online streaming platforms, cuevana stands out as a pioneer, a disruptor, and a testament to the power of innovation in the digital age. Since its inception, Cuevana has been synonymous with accessibility, convenience, and a vast array of content, reshaping the way we consume movies and TV shows. Let's delve into the journey of Cuevana, exploring its origins, evolution, and impact on the streaming landscape. Cuevana<a href="https://w3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a><a href="https://v3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a><a href="https://vw3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a>
Amazon.com/redeem Email Homepage
2024-7-2 14:53
Click on Your Account on the upper right hand side of this page. Log in to your Amazon Payments account. The Overview page opens with your Balance on your Account and Account Activity. The most recent transaction on top of the page, with date, date the type of payment, the name of the person who received it the transaction, status, amount of the transaction, fees, and account balance.https://sites.google.com/view/amazoncomredeemgift/
Cuevana Email Homepage
2024-7-2 15:08
In the ever-expanding universe of online streaming platforms, cuevana stands out as a pioneer, a disruptor, and a testament to the power of innovation in the digital age. Since its inception, Cuevana has been synonymous with accessibility, convenience, and a vast array of content, reshaping the way we consume movies and TV shows. Let's delve into the journey of Cuevana, exploring its origins, evolution, and impact on the streaming landscape. Cuevana<a href="https://w3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a><a href="https://v3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a><a href="https://vw3.cuevana33.com/">cuevana</a>
stveevmarkle
2024-7-2 17:53
When it comes to choosing the right property for your living, you should not compromise on any aspect because you are not only investing in a home but it will also determine your lifestyle. If you are also someone looking to enhance your lifestyle and invest in a property that is worth every penny spent, then you may consider going ahead with Trevoc Royal Residences. Yes, this property is the best choice for those individuals who want to lead a luxurious lifestyle and wish to enjoy premium amenities. Trevoc Royal Residences sector 56
STVEEVMARKLE Email
2024-7-2 17:54
When it comes to choosing the right property for your living, you should not compromise on any aspect because you are not only investing in a home but it will also determine your lifestyle. If you are also someone looking to enhance your lifestyle and invest in a property that is worth every penny spent, then you may consider going ahead with Trevoc Royal Residences. Yes, this property is the best choice for those individuals who want to lead a luxurious lifestyle and wish to enjoy premium amenities. Trevoc Royal Residences sector 56
STVEEVMARKLE Email
2024-7-2 17:54
When it comes to choosing the right property for your living, you should not compromise on any aspect because you are not only investing in a home but it will also determine your lifestyle. If you are also someone looking to enhance your lifestyle and invest in a property that is worth every penny spent, then you may consider going ahead with Trevoc Royal Residences. Yes, this property is the best choice for those individuals who want to lead a luxurious lifestyle and wish to enjoy premium amenities. Trevoc Royal Residences sector 56
male masturbator toys Homepage
2024-7-2 18:04
Our long-term goal is to be at the forefront of the male masturbator toys industry, emphasizing leadership and innovation. Fueled by the spirit of space exploration, we are committed to continuous efforts to elevate users' masturbation experiences to new heights.
Critical Mass Email Homepage
2024-7-3 08:09
Amazing blog! YOu amazed me with this! Looking for more! https://herbapproach.com/product/critical-mass-strain/
housesitmatch Email Homepage
2024-7-3 12:11
Everything is very open with a vhousesitmatchery clear description of the issues. It was informative. Your site is very useful. Many thanks for sharing!Housesitmatch Keyhttps://.pro/
https://gracegardenschools.org/ Email Homepage
2024-7-3 23:28
<a href="https://gracegardenschools.org/">https://gracegardenschools.org/</a> เลือกเล่นบน สล็อตเว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ถือว่าเป็นการเข้ามาเริมต้นที่มีโอกาสทำกำไรได้สูง เพราะว่า เว็บตรง ฝากถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ำ นั้นสามารถทำรายการได้อย่างอิสระ พร้อมการดูแลที่ทั่วถึง
https://gracegardenschools.org/ Email Homepage
2024-7-3 23:28
https://gracegardenschools.org/ เลือกเล่นบน สล็อตเว็บตรง ไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ ถือว่าเป็นการเข้ามาเริมต้นที่มีโอกาสทำกำไรได้สูง เพราะว่า เว็บตรง ฝากถอนไม่มีขั้นต่ำ นั้นสามารถทำรายการได้อย่างอิสระ พร้อมการดูแลที่ทั่วถึง
https://rueckbildungsgymnastik.net/ Email Homepage
2024-7-3 23:28
https://rueckbildungsgymnastik.net/ สล็อตออนไลน์เป็นหนึ่งในเกมคาสิโนที่ได้รับความนิยมอย่างแพร่หลาย ไม่ว่าคุณจะเป็นนักพนันที่มีประสบการณ์หรือเพิ่งเริ่มต้น การเล่นสล็อตสามารถนำคุณเข้าสู่โลกของความสนุกสนาน
分页: 427/438 第一页 上页 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]