[文章作者:张宴 本文版本:v1.2 最后修改:2008.01.02 转载请注明出处:http://blog.zyan.cc]

  我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》,但当时仅仅是用着玩,没做深入研究。

  今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章,已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少,中文资料更是微乎其微,希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

  在我看来,使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点:
  1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术,在内存的利用上,Varnish比Squid具有优势,它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件,性能要比Squid高。
  2、Varnish的稳定性还不错,我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月,没有发生过故障,而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
  3、通过Varnish管理端口,可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存,这一点是Squid不能具备的。

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片


  下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器(Linux系统):
  1、创建www用户和组,以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录(/var/vcache):
/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache


  2、创建Varnish日志目录(/var/logs/):
mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs


  3、编译安装varnish:
wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install


  4、创建Varnish配置文件:
vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

  输入以下内容:
引用
backend myblogserver {
       set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
       set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
               set req.backend = myblogserver;
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

  这里,我对这段配置文件解释一下:
  (1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5,端口为80的web服务器;
  (2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
  (3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理,非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”;
  (4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存,对POST请求透过,让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置,是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的,需要服务器接收、处理,所以不缓存;
  (5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时,对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

  5、启动Varnish
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on


  6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &


  7、配置开机自动启动Varnish
vi /etc/rc.local

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &


  8、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  在末尾增加以下内容:
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000



  再看看如何管理Varnish:
  1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

  点击在新窗口中浏览此图片

  2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理:
  用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用
Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool


  3、通过Varnish管理端口,使用正则表达式批量清除缓存:
  (1)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址):
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

  (2)、例:清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

  (3)、例:清除所有缓存:
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$


  4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数(清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数,无需作任何修改,十分方便):


  附1:Varnish官方网站:http://www.varnish-cache.org/

  附2:2007年12月10日,我写了一个每天0点运行,按天切割Varnish日志,生成一个压缩文件,同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本(/var/logs/cutlog.sh):
  /var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下:
引用
#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

  设置在每天00:00定时执行:
  
/usr/bin/crontab -e
  或者  
vi /var/spool/cron/root
  输入以下内容:
引用
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh



Tags: , , ,



技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8412) | 引用(0) | 阅读(716554)
Hotels in dhanaulti Email Homepage
2019-5-3 14:23
Ghughuti Resorts & Group assures your comfortable Stay hotels in Dhanaulti, Dhanaulti hotels, Dhanaulti Resorts, resorts in dhanaulti, Hotels in kedarnath, hotel in kedarnath, resorts in kedarnath. Stay with us and feel like home in the lap of nature.                                            Hotels in dhanaulti
casino royale tuxedo Email Homepage
2019-5-3 18:30
This was such provoking work, loved the conviction with which you wrote it! People at the thesis rewriting services happen to like it a lot as well and for obvious reasons. This is really nice, keep up with it! casino royale tuxedo onlinehttps://americasuits.com/casino-royale-peak-lapel-tuxedo
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-4 14:41
great post!!
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-4 14:42
WONDERFULLL POST!!
office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-5-4 20:57
Office.com/setup - Lets Get Started with MS Office Setup Installation at office.com/setup. Just Enter Office Setup product Key at office.com/setup.http://www.office-com-setup.fr
Trend Micro Login Email Homepage
2019-5-4 20:58
Trend Micro Login - Let's Get Started with Trend Micro Login & Download or you may also do Trend Micro Login Online. TrendMicro Enter Product Key to Get Started Here!http://www.gotrendmicro.com/trend-micro-login
msofficcee365 Email Homepage
2019-5-5 03:31
BT MAIL Email
2019-5-5 14:28
See how to set up your BT Mail account and fix issues with email access. Also easily reset your password or get a username reminder online.http://login-bt-mail.co.uk/http://btmaillogin.co.uk/
Bt mail Email Homepage
2019-5-5 15:00
See how to set up your email account and fix issues with email access. Also easily reset your password or get a username reminder online.Bt mailhttp://mybtmail.co.uk/
Bt mail, Email Homepage
2019-5-5 15:22
Discover how you can view your bills from the last 15 months online by logging into your My BT account.
McAfee Email Homepage
2019-5-6 14:01
McAfee, Inc. is an American global computer security software company that protects your PC, laptop and smart-devices from the virus, malware, spam, and spyware. McAfee has different products for every unique demand of the customer.McafeeMcafee
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-6 14:01
awesome site.
mcafee.com/activate Email Homepage
2019-5-6 14:01
awesome site
sofia711
2019-5-6 15:07
It really makes me happy and I am satisfied with the arrangement of your post. You are really a talented person I have ever seen.  Norton.com/Setuphttp://norton-setup-account.com
www.office.com/setup Email Homepage
2019-5-6 18:09
Great post i must say and thanks for the information.I appreciate your post and look forward to more.www.office.com/setuphttp://office-www-office.com/setup/
canvastents Email Homepage
2019-5-7 12:43
Canvas Tents Durban specializes in the manufacture of Marquees and Tents. We are committed to manufacturing exceptional quality tents and marquees at the most competitive prices. Our low prices do not mean that we compromise on quality, all marquees and tents are manufactured to the highest standard, but also to suit your pocket.Best Manufacturers of Canvas Tents, Relief Tents, Refugee Tents, Disaster Tents, Army Tents, Military Tents as well as Marquees, Alpine Tents, Frame Tents, Aluminium Tents, Wedding Tents, Party Tents, Storage Tents, Warehouse Tents, Exhibition Tents, A Frame Tents, Bedouin Stretch Tents. We custom manufacture any size or shape tent to suit your needs.
MyDrive Connect Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:07
MyDrive Connect - To refresh, oversee, and match up the different TomTom gadgets in a single spot, you can utilize the MyDrive Connect and its administrations. This is a PC application accessible for Mac and PC. Besides, this application is accessible for nothing for the clients to deal with the TomTom. To begin, you have to introduce the application, sign in to it and begin enlisting the TomTom membership. When you have included the membership then you can refresh, put in new maps, and adjust information over it. Additionally, in the event of any issue with any of the TomTom membership, you can contact the TomTom Support at the toll-free number.
MyDrive Connect Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:08
MyDrive Connect - To refresh, oversee, and match up the different TomTom gadgets in a single spot, you can utilize the MyDrive Connect and its administrations. This is a PC application accessible for Mac and PC. Besides, this application is accessible for nothing for the clients to deal with the TomTom. To begin, you have to introduce the application, sign in to it and begin enlisting the TomTom membership. When you have included the membership then you can refresh, put in new maps, and adjust information over it. Additionally, in the event of any issue with any of the TomTom membership, you can contact the TomTom Support at the toll-free number.
www.avg.com/retail Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:09
AVG is the best antivirus programming for butchering and engaging against a wide scope of contaminations, computerized perils, and PC spyware. In the conflict of the highest point of the line antiviruses, AVG has situated on the primary position. This antivirus is used wherever all through the world and considered as a champion among the best antivirus to guarantee the PC, Android, IOS, and diverse devices.
PAUL Email Homepage
2019-5-7 14:10
Trend Micro is a multinational defense and cybersecurity company with global headquarters in Japan, Tokyo, and Shibuya.Trend Micro develops software for enterprise security for servers as well as for cloud computing environment, consumers, endpoints, networks, and for businesses that are small and medium.
分页: 43/421 第一页 上页 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 下页 最后页
发表评论
表情
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
emotemotemotemotemot
打开HTML
打开UBB
打开表情
隐藏
记住我
昵称   密码   游客无需密码
网址   电邮   [注册]