使用Varnish代替Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案[原创]

一个发送HTML邮件的PHP函数[原创]

Nginx 0.5.33 + PHP 5.2.5（FastCGI）搭建胜过Apache 10倍的Web服务器（第2版）[原创]

大 | 中 | 小

[

2007-11-29 22:11 | by 张宴 ]

　　[文章作者：张宴本文版本：v1.2 最后修改：2008.01.02 转载请注明出处：http://blog.zyan.cc]

　　我曾经写过一篇文章──《初步试用Squid的替代产品──Varnish Cache网站加速器》，但当时仅仅是用着玩，没做深入研究。

　　今天写的这篇关于Varnish的文章，已经是一篇可以完全替代Squid做网站缓存加速器的详细解决方案了。网上关于Varnish的资料很少，中文资料更是微乎其微，希望本文能够吸引更多的人研究、使用Varnish。

　　在我看来，使用Varnish代替Squid的理由有三点：
　　1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术，在内存的利用上，Varnish比Squid具有优势，它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件，性能要比Squid高。
　　2、Varnish的稳定性还不错，我管理的一台图片服务器运行Varnish已经有一个月，没有发生过故障，而进行相同工作的Squid服务器就倒过几次。
　　3、通过Varnish管理端口，可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存，这一点是Squid不能具备的。

　　

　　下面来安装Varnish网站缓存加速器（Linux系统）：
　　1、创建www用户和组，以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录（/var/vcache）：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
mkdir -p /var/vcache
chmod +w /var/vcache
chown -R www:www /var/vcache

　　2、创建Varnish日志目录（/var/logs/）：

mkdir -p /var/logs
chmod +w /var/logs
chown -R www:www /var/logs

　　3、编译安装varnish：

wget http://blog.zyan.cc/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
cd varnish-1.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
make && make install

　　4、创建Varnish配置文件：

vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

　　输入以下内容：

引用

backend myblogserver {
set backend.host = "192.168.0.5";
set backend.port = "80";
}

acl purge {
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
"192.168.1.0"/24;
}

sub vcl_recv {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
lookup;
}

if (req.http.host ~ "^blog.zyan.cc") {
set req.backend = myblogserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
pipe;
}
else {
lookup;
}
}
else {
error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server";
lookup;
}
}

sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "Purged.";
}
}

sub vcl_miss {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}

sub vcl_fetch {
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js)$") {
set obj.ttl = 3600s;
}
else {
set obj.ttl = 30d;
}
}

　　这里，我对这段配置文件解释一下：
　　(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为192.168.0.5，端口为80的web服务器；
　　(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、192.168.0.***三个来源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存；
　　(3)、Varnish对域名为blog.zyan.cc的请求进行处理，非blog.zyan.cc域名的请求则返回“Zhang Yan Cache Server”；
　　(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存，对POST请求透过，让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置，是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的，需要服务器接收、处理，所以不缓存；
　　(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时，对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

　　5、启动Varnish

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/vcache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/vcache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on

　　6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/varnish.log &

　　7、配置开机自动启动Varnish

vi /etc/rc.local

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

　　8、优化Linux内核参数

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

　　在末尾增加以下内容：

引用

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000

　　再看看如何管理Varnish：
　　1、查看Varnish服务器连接数与命中率：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishstat

　　2、通过Varnish管理端口进行管理：
　　用help看看可以使用哪些Varnish命令：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help

引用

Available commands:
ping [timestamp]
status
start
stop
stats
vcl.load
vcl.inline
vcl.use
vcl.discard
vcl.list
vcl.show
param.show [-l] []
param.set
help [command]
url.purge
dump.pool

　　3、通过Varnish管理端口，使用正则表达式批量清除缓存：
　　(1)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/a/zhangyan.html的URL地址）：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge /a/

　　(2)、例：清除类似http://blog.zyan.cc/tech的URL地址：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge w*$

　　(3)、例：清除所有缓存：

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 url.purge *$

　　4、一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数（清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数，无需作任何修改，十分方便）：

　　附1：Varnish官方网站：http://www.varnish-cache.org/

　　附2：2007年12月10日，我写了一个每天0点运行，按天切割Varnish日志，生成一个压缩文件，同时删除上个月旧日志的脚本（/var/logs/cutlog.sh）：
　　/var/logs/cutlog.sh文件内容如下：

引用

#!/bin/sh
# This file run at 00:00
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/logs/youvideo.log /var/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/vcache -w /var/logs/youvideo.log &
mkdir -p /var/logs/youvideo/
gzip -c /var/logs/${date}.log > /var/logs/youvideo/${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/logs/${date}.log
rm -f /var/logs/youvideo/$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y-%m*").log.gz

　　设置在每天00:00定时执行：
　　

/usr/bin/crontab -e

　　或者　　

vi /var/spool/cron/root

　　输入以下内容：

引用

0 0 * * * /bin/sh /var/logs/cutlog.sh

技术大类 » Cache与存储 | 评论(8984) | 引用(0) | 阅读(944357)

해피툰 주소안내

2025-3-29 18:14

HappyToon 해피툰 주소안내 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://xn--z27bt9c1e.com/" rel="nofollow">해피툰 주소안내</a>

웹툰추천

2025-3-29 18:14

HappyToon 웹툰추천 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">웹툰추천</a>

해피툰

2025-3-29 18:14

HappyToon 해피툰 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">해피툰</a>

웹툰사이트

2025-3-29 18:15

HappyToon 웹툰사이트 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">웹툰사이트</a>

무료웹툰사이트

2025-3-29 18:15

HappyToon 무료웹툰사이트 : which has the largest number of webtoons currently being serialized. <a href="https://happytoon01.com" rel="nofollow">무료웹툰사이트</a>

Jaipur Escorts

2025-3-30 21:57

Looking to meet a Russian girl in Jaipur? Visit our site, Escorts in Jaipur, and book your experience today!Our Partner Website Links:- Jaipur Escorts || Jaipur Escorts !! Jaipur Call Girl !!

Luxury at less

2025-3-31 18:29

Thanks for the Valuable information. Really useful information. Thank you so much for sharing.<a href="https://luxuryatless.shop/">https://luxuryatless.shop/</a><a href="https://luxuryatless.shop/collections/premium-t-shirts">https://luxuryatless.shop/collections/premium-t-shirts&l...

digital marketing course in gtb

2025-4-1 00:19

<a href="https://lingeriebookmark.com/story9105233/best-digital-marketing-training-courses-in-gtb-nagar">Best Digital Marketing Training Courses in GTB Nagar</a><a href="https://salesale.sale/user/digitalmarketinggtbnagar/">Digital Marketing Institute in GTB Nagar with Hiring Support</a><a href="https://allventurehub.com/digital-marketing-course-in-gtb-nagar-with-experts/">Digital Marketing Course in GTB Nagar with Expert</a>

digital marketing course in gtb

2025-4-1 00:19

Jaipur Escorts

2025-4-2 19:00

Hello, gentlemen! If you're interested in hiring me as your companion, please visit my website. I'm Rashmika from Jaipur Escorts.Our Partner Website Links:- Jaipur Escorts Jaipur Escorts Jaipur Escorts Jaipur Escort

manishvermaon

2025-4-2 20:05

Thank you for this blog this article really help full for me.

digital marketing courses in gtb nagar

2025-4-2 23:32

Digital Marketing Course in GTB Nagar Digital Marketing Courses in GTB Nagar Digital Marketing Institute in GTB Nagar Digital Marketing Course in GTB Nagar

Cheap ounces winnipeg

2025-4-3 04:24

https://buylowgreen.com/Simple but very precise info. Thanks for sharing. Keep it up!

Nayeedisha

2025-4-4 14:58

Kazakh National Medical University (KazNMU), located in Almaty, Kazakhstan, is one of the most prestigious and well-established medical institutions in Central Asia. It attracts thousands of international students every year, including a large number from India. One of the major reasons students choose KazNMU for their MBBS studies is the affordable fee structure compared to countries like the USA, UK, or even private colleges in India. Below is a detailed explanation of the KazNMU MBBS fee structure for 2025 and what it includes.https://www.mbbskazakhstan.com/blog/what-is-the-fees-of-kazakh-national-medical-university

Digital Marketing Institute In Delhi

2025-4-8 18:32

<a href="https://GetAdsOnline.com/536/posts/9/86/2784084.html">Digital Marketing Institute In Delhi</a><a href="https://GlobalClassified.net/536/posts/9/86/2890232.html">Digital Marketing Institute In DelHI</a><a href="https://www.AdsHoo.com/536/posts/9/86/2173172.html">Graphic Design Institute in Noida</a>

Digital Marketing Institute In Delhi

2025-4-8 18:32

ivan199

2025-4-8 21:33

https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/dexscreenerdownload/https://phantomx.athttps://solflare.luhttps://phantoms.luhttps://rabby.athttps://solflare-wallet.nethttps://keplrwallet.apphttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/explore-solana-blockchainhttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/raydium-swaphttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/ethereumblockchainexplorerhttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/bnb-smart-chain-explorer-offhttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/jupiter-instant-official-sitehttps://avalonpdf.comhttps://ecoledeconduiteviala.frhttps://micronsoftwares.comhttps://ufreegames.ushttps://cherrystonesoftware.comhttps://portalfiles.cchttps://saksoft.nethttps://insoftint.comhttps://morethanwindows.bizhttps://impactsoftware.bizhttps://alabamastonewall.orghttps://www.paintballing.com.auhttps://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/hyperliquiddexofficialsite/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/bitstamploginofficialsite/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/pumploginofficialsite/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/coinmarketcapcryptocurrency/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/aave-defi-official-site/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/walletlogin-blockchaincomoff/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/trustwallet-for-web3/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/phantomwalletdownload-extensio/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/coingecko-cryptocurrency-price/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/atomicbestcryptowalletofficial/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/solscan-create-account/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/download-ledger-live/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/dextools-download/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/bnbsmartchainexplorer/https://sites.google.com/mycryptowalletus.com/dapp1inch-defidexofficialsite/

ivan199

2025-4-8 21:36